Movimientos Literarios
Descubre los principales movimientos literarios
ancestral tradition–present
African oral poetry
Sub-Saharan Africa
Vast tradition of performative oral poetry from Sub-Saharan African cultures; includes Zulu izibongo (praise poetry), Xhosa poetry, and epic forms from multiple peoples; transmitted by griots and singer-poets.
9th–17th cent.
Sufi literature
Middle East / Central Asia
Islamic mystical literary tradition that uses poetry as a path to the divine; encompasses diverse geographical and linguistic traditions.
9th–15th cent.
Classical Persian poetry
Persia / Iran
Poetic tradition in the Farsi language with forms such as ghazal and qasida; founding poets such as Rudaki, Ferdowsi, and Omar Khayyam.
9th–13th centuries
Muwashshah and Zajal
Al-Andalus
Strophic poetic forms born in Al-Andalus of great importance to medieval Iberian lyric poetry; the muwashshah is learned and in Arabic or Hebrew, the zajal is popular and dialectal; Ibn Quzman is the greatest name of zajal.
9th–13th cent.
Norse poetry (Skaldic and Eddic)
Scandinavia
Oral and written poetry of the Norse tradition; Eddic poetry brings together myths and heroes, Skaldic poetry is courtly praise with complex metrical forms.
8th–5th centuries BC
Greek epic poetry
Ancient Greece
Oral and written tradition of long narrative poems centered on heroes and gods; foundational works by Homer such as the Iliad and the Odyssey.
8th–13th c.
Abbasid Arabic poetry
Iraq / Arab world
Golden age of classical Arabic poetry centered in Baghdad under the Abbasid caliphs; Al-Mutanabbi, Abu Nuwas, and Al-Ma'arri are its major figures; genres such as the bacchanalian, the panegyric, and the philosophical.
7th–5th centuries BC
Greek lyric poetry
Ancient Greece
Poetry intended for singing with musical accompaniment, cultivated by poets such as Sappho, Pindar, and Alcaeus; expression of personal emotions and celebration.
7th–19th c.
Classical Japanese poetry (Waka)
Japan
Traditional Japanese poetic form in 31 syllables; cultivated at the imperial court and compiled in anthologies such as the Man'yoshu and Kokinshu.
7th–13th cent.
Tang and Song dynasty poetry
China
Golden age of classical Chinese poetry; Li Bai, Du Fu, and Su Shi are central figures of forms such as shi and ci.
7th-13th cent.
Classical medieval Arabic poetry
Arab world
Flourishing of Arabic poetry after Islam, with elaborate forms such as qasida and muwashshah; cultivated in Al-Andalus and the East.
7th century BC – 19th century
Classical Chinese poetry
China
Long Chinese lyrical tradition from the Shijing (Classic of Poetry) to the refined forms of the Tang and Song dynasties.
6th–17th centuries
Bhakti movement
India
Indian poetic devotional movement of mystical and religious expression in vernacular languages; poets such as Kabir, Mirabai and Tukaram.
5th–7th cent.
Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry
Arabian Peninsula
Oral poetry of the Bedouins before Islam; the mu'allaqat are their most celebrated texts, centered on honor, love, and the desert's nature.
5th century BC
Greek Old Comedy
Ancient Greece
Satirical comedy theater of political and social criticism; main representative Aristophanes.
5th century BC
Greek tragedy
Ancient Greece
Dramatic genre that explores conflicts between the human and the divine, destiny and will; represented by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.
4th–19th c.
Classical Ethiopian poetry (Ge'ez)
Ethiopia / Eritrea
Literary and poetic tradition in the Ge'ez language, the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church; includes hymns, psalms, and court poetry; one of the oldest African Christian literatures.
4th century BCE – 8th century CE
Classical Sanskrit poetry
India
Great Indian poetic tradition codified in Sanskrit, including epics such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, and the lyric poetry of Kalidasa.
3rd–1st century BC
Hellenistic poetry
Alexandria / Greece
Poetic school flourishing in Alexandria under the Ptolemies; Callimachus, Theocritus, and Apollonius of Rhodes cultivated learned, bucolic, and epic forms of great formal refinement.
2nd–7th cent.
Late Latin and Christian poetry
Roman Empire / Europe
Latin poetry from the period of imperial decline and the rise of Christianity; includes liturgical hymns, patristic poetry, and authors such as Prudentius, Paulinus of Nola, and Venantius Fortunatus.
27th–6th century BC
Sumerian and Akkadian poetry
Mesopotamia
Oldest poetic tradition in the world; includes the Epic of Gilgamesh, hymns to deities, and laments; written in cuneiform in Sumerian and Akkadian languages.
26th–4th century BC
Ancient Egyptian poetry
Ancient Egypt
Egyptian poetic tradition including hymns to gods, funerary texts like the Book of the Dead, and love poetry from the New Kingdom; documented on papyri and temple walls.
2001–present
Flarf poetry
USA
American poetic movement that uses internet research and low-quality material to create deliberately absurd and provocative poetry.
2000s–present
Conceptual writing
USA / Global
Current that applies conceptual strategies to literary writing, such as the transition and reprocessing of existing texts; Kenneth Goldsmith is the central figure.
1st century BC - 1st century AD
Classical Latin poetry
Ancient Rome
Flourishing of poetry in Rome with Virgil, Horace, Ovid, and Catullus; decisive influence on all subsequent Western literature.
1990s–present
Afrofuturism
USA / Global
Cultural and literary movement combining science fiction, fantasy, and African-American perspectives; explores alternative futures from Black identities.
1990s–present
Contemporary literature
Global
Contemporary, plural, and globalized literary production, without a dominant school; marked by diversity of voices, hybrid genres, and digital circulation.
1990s–present
Decolonial literature
Global / Latin America
Critical and literary current that questions colonial legacies in culture and literature; articulates historically silenced voices and perspectives.
1990s–present
Ecopoetry
Global
Poetic movement that places ecology and the relationship with nature at the center of writing; literary response to contemporary environmental crises.
1983–1990s
The Other Sentimentality
Spain
Granada Spanish poetic movement for the renewal of love lyrics with critical consciousness and historical materialism; Luis García Montero.
1980s–present
Contemporary Latin American indigenous poetry
Latin America
Emerging literary field of Indigenous poets writing in languages like Quechua, Aymara, Nahuatl, and Guaraní, frequently in bilingual editions; assertion of identities and worldviews in the face of Western literate tradition.
1980s–present
Diaspora literature
Global
Set of literatures produced by diasporic communities; explores identity, belonging, exile, and cultural hybridity; Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, Chimamanda Adichie.
1980s–present
New Sincerity
USA
Postmodern reaction to irony and cynicism; values genuine feeling and emotional commitment; David Foster Wallace is its most associated figure.
1980s–present
Slam poetry / Spoken word
USA / Global
Poetic form of competitive oral performance born in Chicago; values voice, rhythm, and political and social engagement.
1980s–1990s
Beijing School
China
Avant-garde Chinese literary movement that emerged in Beijing in the context of post-Mao reforms; explores cultural identity and modernity.
1980s–1990s
Transgressive fiction
USA
Literary movement that explores taboos, violence, and marginality in a provocative way; Chuck Palahniuk and Bret Easton Ellis are references.
1977–present
Autofiction
France / Global
Hybrid literary genre that combines autobiography and fiction; Serge Doubrovsky coined the term, and authors like Karl Ove Knausgård have popularized the form.
1975–1977
Infrarealism
Mexico
Mexican avant-garde poetic movement founded by Roberto Bolaño and Mario Santiago; rupture with the literary establishment and valorization of the marginal.
1970s–present
Language poetry
USA
American poetic avant-garde that questions the transparency of language and conventions of meaning and representation; Ron Silliman, Lyn Hejinian, and Charles Bernstein are central figures; parallel but distinct from Conceptual Writing.
1970s–present
Marginal Literature
Brazil
Literary production from Brazilian peripheries by authors from the margins; Ferréz and other writers from the margins assert experiences excluded from canonical literature.
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