National Book Awards
NBA
Description
História e Fundação
Os National Book Awards (NBA) são uma das mais importantes e antigas distinções literárias nos Estados Unidos. Fundados em 1950 pela National Book Foundation, estes prémios têm como objetivo celebrar a excelência na literatura americana e promover a leitura. Inicialmente, os prémios eram concedidos em várias categorias, incluindo Ficção, Não-Ficção, Poesia e Crítica Literária. Ao longo dos anos, as categorias foram evoluindo e adaptando-se às mudanças no panorama literário.
Categorias Atuais
Atualmente, os prémios são concedidos anualmente em cinco categorias principais: Ficção, Não-Ficção Geral, Poesia, Literatura Traduzida e Literatura Juvenil. A categoria de Ficção é frequentemente a mais aguardada, mas a de Não-Ficção Geral também reconhece trabalhos de grande impacto e relevância histórica, social ou científica. A inclusão da Literatura Traduzida em 2018 foi um marco importante, refletindo o compromisso da fundação em destacar a diversidade de vozes e perspetivas na literatura mundial, e a sua importância para o público americano.
Processo de Seleção
Os critérios de seleção para os National Book Awards são rigorosos. Cada editora americana pode submeter um número limitado de livros por categoria. Um painel de jurados, composto por escritores, críticos, livreiros e académicos de renome, avalia as obras submetidas. Estes jurados selecionam uma lista de finalistas (longlist e shortlists) e, posteriormente, os vencedores em cada categoria. A ênfase recai sobre a qualidade literária, a originalidade, a profundidade temática e a contribuição para o discurso cultural americano.
Importância e Impacto
A relevância dos National Book Awards é imensa. Ganhar um NBA pode catapultar um autor para a fama, aumentar significativamente as vendas de um livro e conferir um prestígio duradouro. Os prémios são vistos como um selo de qualidade e um indicador de obras que moldam e refletem a identidade americana. A fundação também desempenha um papel ativo na promoção da literacia e no apoio a escritores emergentes através de vários programas e bolsas.
Curiosidades e Legado
Curiosidades sobre os NBA incluem o facto de terem sido interrompidos brevemente durante a Guerra da Coreia e a sua associação com figuras literárias icónicas. A cerimónia de entrega dos prémios é um evento de grande destaque no calendário cultural americano, reunindo autores, editores, críticos e amantes da literatura. A diversidade dos vencedores ao longo dos anos tem sido um tema de debate e evolução, com a fundação a esforçar-se para garantir que os prémios reflitam a vasta tapeçaria da experiência americana. A longevidade e a consistência na sua missão de celebrar a literatura americana solidificam os National Book Awards como um pilar fundamental do mundo literário.
Winners
Reginald Blyth
Reggie Leach
Reginald Joseph Leach (born April 23, 1950 in Riverton, Manitoba, Canada) is a retired professional ice hockey winger who played in the NHL between 1970 and 1983. He has First Nations background like Ted Nolan
Reggie Jackson
Reginald Martinez Jackson (born May 18, 1946), nicknamed "Mr. October" for his clutch hitting in the postseason, is an American former Major League Baseball right fielder who played for five different teams from 1967 to 1987. He won three consecutive World Series titles as a member of the Oakland A's in the early 1970s and also won 2 consecutive titles with the New York Yankees. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1993
Reg Braithwaite
Reed Markham
Peter Lynch
Peter Lynch (born January 19, 1944(1944-01-19)) is a Wall Street stock investor. He is currently a research consultant at Fidelity Investments. Lynch graduated from Boston College in 1965 and earned a Master of Business Administration from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. He is not related to Edmund C. Lynch, the co-founder of Merrill Lynch
Redd Foxx
Redd Foxx (December 9, 1922 - October 11, 1991), born John Elroy Sanford, was an American comedian best known for his starring role on the television sitcom Sanford and Son
Red Skelton
Richard Bernard "Red" Skelton was an American entertainer best known for being a national radio and television comedian between 1937 and 1971 and host of the long-running television program The Red Skelton Show.
Peter Kropotkin
Prince Peter (Pyotr) Alexeyevich Kropotkin (9 December 1842 - 8 February 1921) was one of Russia's foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of anarchist communism: most of his life he advocated for a communist society free from central government. Because of his title of prince and his prominence as an anarchist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, he was known by some as "the Anarchist Prince". Some contemporaries saw him as leading a near perfect life, including Oscar Wilde, who described him as "a man with a soul of that beautiful white Christ which seems coming out of Russia." He wrote many books, pamphlets and articles, the most prominent being The Conquest of Bread and Fields, Factories and Workshops, and his principal scientific offering, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. He was also a contributor to the Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition
Red Buttons
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Red Barber
Walter Lanier "Red" Barber (February 17, 1908, Columbus, Mississippi-October 22, 1992) was an American sportscaster
Katherine Tynan Hinkson
Red
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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
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Rebecca West
British writer (born in Ireland) (1892-1983)
Rebecca Pepper Sinkler
Rebecca Johnson
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Real Live Preacher
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Predator
Raynor Schein
Plontius
Raymond Smullyan
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Portuguese Proverb
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Raymond Loewy
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PJ Uppal
Doctor of Medicine
Raymond Lindquist
Venezuelan Proverb
Raymond Hull
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Pope John XXIII
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Raymond Holliwell
Pioneer Motto
Pope Pius XI
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Raymond Chandler
United States writer of detective thrillers featuring the character of Philip Marlowe (1888-1959)
Pope Gregory The Great
Pope Shenouda III
Pooja
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Raymond F. DeVoe
Porfirio Diaz
Pope Shenouda III
Polish Proverb
Polish is a West Slavic language and the official language of Poland
Polly Whitney
Plautus
comic dramatist of ancient Rome (253?-184 BC) a genus of Alcidae
Anna Jameson
Raymond Claud Ferdinan Aron
Denis Johnston
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Raymond Chandler
United States writer of detective thrillers featuring the character of Philip Marlowe (1888-1959)
Jules Verne
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Samuel Beckett
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Pope Julius III
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Claude Monet
Joseph Fischer
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Ray Simard
Polish Proverb
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Ray Mancini
AUTHOR OF ZEN, MEDITATION & THE ART OF SHOOTING. http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/entertainment/a/-/entertainment/10000136/taking-aim-at-life-s-stresses/?fb_action_ids=438231512901141&fb_action_types=og.recommends&fb_source=aggregation&fb_aggregation_id=246965925417366
Anne Bradstreet
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Ray Kurzweil
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Ray Kroc
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PJ Uppal
Doctor of Medicine
Ray Knight
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Pietro Aretino
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Anne Bradstreet
poet in colonial America (born in England) (1612-1672)
Pink Floyd
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Pindar
Greek lyric poet remembered for his odes (518?-438? BC)
Anna Quindlen
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Pierre Bayle
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Barbara Adams
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Pinarius
Anna Quindlen
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Anne Brown
Anne Wiggins Brown (born Annie Wiggins Brown August 9, 1912 - died March 13, 2009) was an African American soprano who created the role of "Bess" in the original production of George Gershwin's folk opera Porgy and Bess in 1935